Ok todays lesson is a little different than the other grammar stuff. This one is easy but hard to understand for some people at first.
-VAR (There is | have)
-YOK (There is not | have not)
Lets try to say i have a car .
Car: araba
araba(m) var -I have a car :[You use the possesion suffix to tell that it is your car.] {Benim arabam var.}
araba(m) yok- I don’t have a car
araba(n) yok - You don’t have a car.
araba yok - There is no car.
araba(sı) yok - He/she doesnt have a car.
you can form lots of sentences like this.
Challange:
try to say : i have 2 apples in my pocket
Where is the nearest Post Office? It is a common sentence in nearly every language 
I used to hate this chapter when i was learning foreign language.Anyway. I will make it really easy like right and left and asking the question.
Where is the nearest Post Office? En yakın Postane nerede?
Sağda - on the right
solda - on the left
dümdüz - straight on
ileri - forward
geri - backward
Kaç yaşındasın? - How old are you?
Ben 29 yaşındayım. - I am 29 years old.
Kaç =how many
yaş = age
yaşın = your age
yaşın+da = at your age
I have a friend from Germany and he is trying to learn Turkish like you are. And sometimes when he tries to speak He spoke like Tarzan. Why? Because he has no idea about the line of words. So here is how you form sentences in Turkish language.
Subject + Complements+VERB.
Hint : VERB is always at the end.
also there is a relation with the verb and the subject
This order is the most used, and make sense form. Lets see some examples.
Stefan işe gidiyor. //Stefan is going to work
Ben Türkçe öğretiyor+um. // I am teaching Turkish.
Sen Türkçe öğreniyor+sun // You are learning Turkish.
Stefan camı kırdı. //Stefan broke the glass.
Do you see the THE SUBJECT VERB RELATION?
Türkçe konuşuyor musun?
- No I don’t speak Turkish = Hayır Türkçe konuşmuyorum.
- Yes I speak Turkish = Evet Türkçe konuşuyorum.
İngilizce konuşuyor musunuz?
- Hayır Konuşmuyorum.
- Evet biraz konuşuyorum. - Yes i speak a little
biraz = bir + az
bir = one
az = less , little
Ok now we learned to salut people and ask how are they? and now we may start to talk about where we are from. Let’s start with asking where people are from.
- Nere+den+sin - Nere+den+siniz
Can you tell me the difference?
The difference in these two sentences 1st one is for 2nd singular (you-sen) and the other one is for 2nd plural person (you-siz).
Nere +den +sin
WHere+are you+from
You can respond it like
İngiltere+den+im . = I am from England.
Fransa+dan+ım = I am from France.
İstanbul+dan+ım = I am from Istanbul.
As you can see -den may change acording to wovel harmony as well.
Try to say where are you from, in the comments of this thread. So we or people who knows this thread can correct you. Don’t be shy.
It is common to shake hands with people whom you first met and introduced in Turkey. You shake your hand and say your first name when introduced.
M-Alper, Bu Esra, Esra bu da Alper - Alper, this is Esra . and Esra, this is Alper.
A- Tanıştığımıza Memnun oldum. - Pleased to meet you
E- Ben de. - Me too.
A-Ben Alper - I am Alper.
E-Ben de Esra. Memnun oldum. - I am Esra, Pleased to meet you
A-Ben de memnun oldum. Nasılsınız?- I am plesed to meet you too. How are you (plural)?
E- İyiyim ya siz?
A- Bende iyiyim. Teşekkürler.
It is common to greet people when they are meet. and ask about how they are.
Merhaba : Hello // Usage of this word is limited. Most of the people use selam.
Selam : Hi
Naber? (Long form is ne haber) : something similar to “What’s up”
Nasılsın? : How are you?
İyiyim : I am fine
Kötüyüm : I am bad.
Lets practice some conversational Turkish
M- Selam Alper.
A- Selam Mehmet naber?
M- İyi ya senden? //Fine What about you?
A- İyi Teşekkür ederim. //Fine thanks
M-Selam Alper.
A-Selam
M-Nasılsın?
A- İyi. sen nasılsın?
M- Ben de iyiyim. // I am fine too.
Learning numbers in Turkish is one of the easiest thing. Because we don’t have exceptions like eleven,twelve. It is really logical for a math person.
0 - Sıfır
1 - Bir
2 - İki
3 - Üç
4 - Dört
5 - Beş
6 - Altı
7 - Yedi
8 - Sekiz
9 - Dokuz
10 - On
20 - Yirmi
30 - Otuz
40 - Kırk
50 - Elli
60 - Altmış
70 - Yetmiş
80 - Seksen
90 - Doksan
100 - Yüz
1000 - Bin
1000000 - Milyon
1000000000 - Milyar
All you need to do is memorize these numbers first. And dissolve the number and read the numbers in order. Let’s see some examples.
14= 10+4= On dört
18 =10+8 = On sekiz
43 = 40+3= Kırk üç
96= 90+6= Doksan altı
22 =20+2= Yirmi iki
126 =100+20+6 = yüz yirmi altı
1453=1000+4*100+50+3 = bin dörtyüz elli üç
133292=133*1000+2*100+90+2 = yüz otuz üç BİN iki YÜZ doksan iki
1987267=1000000+987*1000+2*100+60+7 =Bir milyon dokuz yüz seksen yedi BİN iki yüz altmış yedi
Try these numbers by yourself
12,46,33,343,256,1024,4097,35563,998012,1234,6738,880,881
Best exercise for this is to read signs in the walls,busses,metro stations etc.
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